Businesses continue to experience muted inflationary pressures: demand is weak, firms have excess capacity, and price growth continues to slow. These pressures are little changed from last quarter, the latest edition of the The Business Outlook Survey reveals.

Meanwhile, consumers’ perceptions of current inflation and their expectations for inflation over the next year have declined this quarter, although they remain higher than they were before the COVID‑19 pandemic. In addition, expectations for inflation two years from now have declined significantly from last quarter and have returned to their pre‑pandemic level.