While consumption of biodiesel is increasing substantially on both sides of the border, U.S. subsidies for biodiesel are unmatched on the Canadian side, meaning that Canadian-priced biodiesel is uncompetitive. Without matching subsidies to keep Canadian prices competitive, Canadian biodiesel producers may abandon the market, leaving Canada with no domestic source of biodiesel. 

Canadian crude oil can be shipped by rail as far as Thunder Bay, but a lack of tankers and oil infrastructure prevents it from going further. This necessarily limits Canadian oil exports eastward when markets in Europe are interested in new sources of energy from reliable and ethical trading partners like Canada.

Chinese-made EVs are attempting to make inroads into the Canadian market, but the price of these vehicles is artificially depressed by lower (and less expensive) Chinese standards for environmental safeguards and labour rights, often undermined further by poor enforcement and corruption. Canadian manufacturers should not be penalized for their higher standards in protecting the environment and workers.

While Ontario has made strides in power generation from multiple sources and successfully phased out coal, power transmission remains a weakness, not just within but between provinces. Additionally, aggressive growth targets for housing will require upgrades in generation and delivery.